http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/search?expand%3Dsubject;f1-subject%3DObservatory%20(space-based) Results for your query: expand=subject;f1-subject=Observatory (space-based) Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/213572main_Observatory_lg/213572main_Observatory_lg.dc.xml Known as the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope prior to launch, the Fermi telescope includes two primary instruments: the Large Area Telescope with which astronomers can observe and study active galactic nuclei, pulsars, dark matter signatures, and other high-energy phenomena; and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor to study gamma-ray bursts. This image shows the assembled telescope in the clean room prior to launch. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/213572main_Observatory_lg/213572main_Observatory_lg.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/64325main_swift-si/64325main_swift-si.dc.xml Swift's three scientific instruments work together to learn as much as possible about gamma-ray bursts. The Burst Alert telescope (BAT) is the first instrument to detect gamma-rays in the quarter of the sky at which it is pointed. Then the satellite is reoriented using data from BAT so that XRT and UVOT, which have a much smaller field of view, can be pointed at the GRB. With this information, ground-based telescopes can be pointed directly at the source to gather more data about the GRB. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/64325main_swift-si/64325main_swift-si.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/Auger-Animation/sas3_layout/sas3_layout.dc.xml Designed and built at M.I.T, the SAS-3 was a spinning satellite. The spin rate was controlled by a gyroscope that could be commanded to stop rotation so that all instruments could be pointed at a given source. Pointing could provide about 30 minutes of continuous data on a source, such as a pulsar, burster, or transient. This is a diagram of the instruments onboard the SAS-3. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/Auger-Animation/sas3_layout/sas3_layout.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/Chandra/Chandra.dc.xml Named in honor of the Nobel-prize winning Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the Chandra X-ray Observatory is the world’s most powerful X-ray telescope. It has eight-times greater resolution and can detect sources more than 20-times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/Chandra/Chandra.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/GCN/GCN.dc.xml Schematic of the GRB Coordinates Network (GCN), a system that distributes information about the location of a gamma-ray burst (GRB). The spacecraft sends the GRB location information down to a ground station, which in turn relays it to the GCN at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/GCN/GCN.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/HEAO_1/HEAO_1.dc.xml The HEAO project involved the launching of three unmanned scientific observatories into low Earth orbit between 1977 and 1979 to study some of the most intriguing mysteries of the Universe: pulsars, black holes, neutron stars, and supernovae. This artist's conception depicts the High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO)-1 in orbit. HEAO-1 was launched on August 12, 1977, to survey the sky for X-ray and gamma-ray sources, as well as to pinpoint their positions. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/HEAO_1/HEAO_1.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/KAOflight/KAOflight.dc.xml For over twenty years, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) was operated as the world's only airborne telescope devoted exclusively to astronomical research. KAO was named after the astronomer Gerard P. Kuiper. Carrying a 36-inch reflecting telescope, KAO was a converted C-141 military cargo plane with a 160-foot wingspan. Flying at altitudes of 41,000 to 45,000 feet, above 99 percent of the Earth's infrared-absorbing water vapor, KAO was capable of conducting infrared astronomy. Harvey would have observed from behind the telescope; the telescope was looking out the hole in the roof behind the cockpit. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/KAOflight/KAOflight.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/NASA-COBE/NASA-COBE.dc.xml In 1989, the Cosmic Background Explorer (CoBE) spacecraft was launched into an Earth orbit to make a full sky map of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. CoBE found very subtle irregularities in the otherwise very uniform CMB, findings that are considered important evidence in support of the Big Bang theory. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/NASA-COBE/NASA-COBE.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/NASA-Explorer-11-Flight/NASA-Explorer-11-Flight.dc.xml Explorer 11, the first gamma-ray detection satellite flown, was launched on April 27, 1961. The satellite could not be actively pointed, so it was put into a tumble in order to get a "rough" scan of the entire celestial sphere.. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/NASA-Explorer-11-Flight/NASA-Explorer-11-Flight.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/OAO_NASA/OAO_NASA.dc.xml OAO-3 was launched on August 21, 1972. It carried an X-ray detector built by University College of London's Mullard Space Science Laboratory and an 80-cm UV telescope built by Princeton University. After its launch, it was named Copernicus to mark the 500th anniversary of the birth of Nicolaus Copernicus. Copernicus operated until February 1981, and returned high resolution spectra of hundreds of stars along with extensive X-ray observations. This picture shows OAO-3 in the clean room at Kennedy Space Center. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/OAO_NASA/OAO_NASA.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/OSO-Ball-Aerospace/OSO-Ball-Aerospace.dc.xml The objectives of the Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO) satellite series were to perform solar physics experiments above the atmosphere during a complete solar cycle and to map the celestial sphere for direction and intensity of UV light, X-rays, and gamma radiation. The OSO-1, built by Ball Aerospace, was the first satellite to have pointed instruments and onboard tape recorders for data storage. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/OSO-Ball-Aerospace/OSO-Ball-Aerospace.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/Sputnik_Satellite/Sputnik_Satellite.dc.xml The Sputnik 1 satellite, shown here on a rigging truck in the assembly shop, was successfully launched and entered Earth's orbit on October 4, 1957. Sputnik shocked the world, giving the Soviet Union the distinction of sending the first human-made object into space and placing the United States a step behind in the space race. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/Sputnik_Satellite/Sputnik_Satellite.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/greatobs_spectrum_300/greatobs_spectrum_300.dc.xml Because the Earth's atmosphere prevents certain types of radiation from reaching the ground, NASA proposed a series of Great Observatories designed to conduct space-based astronomical studies over many different wavelengths. The program launched four observatories: the Hubble Space Telescope (visible and near ultraviolet); Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (gamma rays); Chandra X-ray Observatory (soft X-rays); and Spitzer Space Telescope (infrared). Each observatory was designed to push the state of technology in its intended wavelength region. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/greatobs_spectrum_300/greatobs_spectrum_300.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/heao2_prepflight/heao2_prepflight.dc.xml Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) was the first fully imaging X-ray telescope put into space and the second of NASA's three High Energy Astrophysical Observatories. Named HEAO-B before launch, the observatory's name was changed to honor Albert Einstein upon its successfully attaining orbit. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/heao2_prepflight/heao2_prepflight.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/hubble/hubble.dc.xml Named after astronomer Edwin Hubble, one of the Hubble Space Telescope’s key projects was to determine the rate of expansion of the Universe, called the Hubble Constant. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/hubble/hubble.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/nustar1/nustar1.dc.xml The artist’s conception illustrates the orientation of the detectors and optics on the satellite. The solar panel on the left provides power to the telescope. The yellow module on the far right contains the new technology optics which consists of two mirrors. These mirrors focus the hard X-rays and soft gamma rays onto the detectors at the other end of the deployable mast. The optics and the detectors must be separated by 10 meters (30 feet). The detectors and optics are launched close together because they just fit in the existing rockets used to launch satellites into space; the mast is extended after launch. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/nustar1/nustar1.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/sas3/sas3.dc.xml Designed and built at M.I.T, the SAS-3 was a spinning satellite. The spin rate was controlled by a gyroscope that could be commanded to stop rotation so that all instruments could be pointed at a given source. Pointing could provide about 30 minutes of continuous data on a source, such as a pulsar, burster, or transient. This is an artist’s conception of the satellite in orbit.. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/sas3/sas3.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/sas3_layout/sas3_layout.dc.xml Designed and built at M.I.T, the SAS-3 was a spinning satellite. The spin rate was controlled by a gyroscope that could be commanded to stop rotation so that all instruments could be pointed at a given source. Pointing could provide about 30 minutes of continuous data on a source, such as a pulsar, burster, or transient. This is a diagram of the instruments onboard the SAS-3. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/sas3_layout/sas3_layout.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/uhuruExplode-72bigfromChandrasite/uhuruExplode-72bigfromChandrasite.dc.xml The Uhuru X-ray satellite, equipped with a relatively simple instrument - a sensitive X-ray detector similar to a Geiger counter attached to a viewing pipe to locate the source - made some astounding discoveries. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/uhuruExplode-72bigfromChandrasite/uhuruExplode-72bigfromChandrasite.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/vanguard1_from_NRL/vanguard1_from_NRL.dc.xml Between 1955 and 1959, NRL conducted the first American satellite program, named Project Vanguard. On March 17, 1958, the Vanguard I satellite was successfully launched into Earth orbit. Just 6 inches (152 mm) in diameter and weighing 3 pounds (1.4 kg), Vanguard 1 was described by then-Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev as, "The grapefruit satellite." Here NRL scientists from the Vanguard I team mount the satellite in the rocket. Vanguard 1 is the oldest artificial satellite still in space, as its predecessors, Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, and Explorer 1, have fallen out of orbit. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/vanguard1_from_NRL/vanguard1_from_NRL.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/vela5b_2/vela5b_2.dc.xml The Vela satellites are stacked one on top of the other in a clean room prior to the launch. The two polyhedron-shaped satellites (with 20 sides) would detach from each other after launch. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/vela5b_2/vela5b_2.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/vela5b_5/vela5b_5.dc.xml The Vela satellites provided much information useful to astronomers studying gamma radiation from space. Other Vela satellites operated for approximately one year, but Vela 5b was in service for more a decade, from 1969 to 1979. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/vela5b_5/vela5b_5.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/voyager1/voyager1.dc.xml Voyager 1 and 2 were launched 16 days apart in 1977 to study Jupiter and Saturn. In September 2013, NASA reported that Voyager 1 had entered interstellar space, placing it more than 11 billion miles from the Sun and making it the most distant human-made object. As of 2013, Voyager 2 is in the heliosheath, the outermost layer of the immense magnetic bubble, called the heliosphere, that contains our solar system. Both Voyager 1 and 2 are still sending scientific information about their surroundings through the Deep Space Network (DSN). http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/voyager1/voyager1.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/68168main_swift-burst_m/6168main_swift-burst_m.dc.xml An artist's concept of the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer catching a gamma-ray burst. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/68168main_swift-burst_m/6168main_swift-burst_m.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/8005694/8005694.dc.xml Renamed the Einstein Observatory after launch, the image on the left shows HEAO-2 during pre-flight testing. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/8005694/8005694.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/99828main_axaf2/99828main_axaf2.dc.xml Renamed the Chandra X-ray Observatory after launch, this image shows AXAF during pre-launch testing. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/99828main_axaf2/99828main_axaf2.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/compton_inSpace/compton_inSpace.dc.xml The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was launched into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in April 1991. The photograph was taken by a member of the shuttle crew through a window on the Atlantis shuttle as the astronauts use the shuttle arm to release the observatory into orbit. The earth is visible in the background. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/compton_inSpace/compton_inSpace.dc.xml Mon, 01 Apr 1991 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/heao2_diagram/heao2_diagram.dc.xml Renamed the Einstein Observatory after launch, the image on the left shows HEAO-2 during pre-flight testing. This image shows the placement of the instruments onboard the observatory. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/heao2_diagram/heao2_diagram.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/484px-X-Ray_Explorer_Satellite_wikipedia/484px-X-Ray_Explorer_Satellite_wikipedia.dc.xml Marjorie Townsend and a colleague with the Uhuru satellite. Dr. Townsend, who was the Project Manager of the Small Astronomy Satellite Program, named the satellite Uhuru, which means freedom in Swahili. Uhuru would go on to detect evidence of black holes, neutron stars, and vast expanses of hot gas in systems containing thousands of galaxies. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/484px-X-Ray_Explorer_Satellite_wikipedia/484px-X-Ray_Explorer_Satellite_wikipedia.dc.xml Wed, 02 Dec 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/GiacconiUhuruSatellite1970/GiacconiUhuruSatellite1970.dc.xml Riccardo Giacconi stands with the Uhuru satellite, circa 1970. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/GiacconiUhuruSatellite1970/GiacconiUhuruSatellite1970.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/chandra_labeled/chandra_labeled.dc.xml Renamed the Chandra X-ray Observatory after launch, this image shows the instruments onboard the observatory. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/chandra_labeled/chandra_labeled.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/uhuruLaunch-72/uhuruLaunch-72.dc.xml Awaiting launch from the San Marco Platform in Kenya, Uhuru was the first satellite specifically for the purpose of X-ray astronomy. It was also known as the X-ray Explorer Satellite SAS-A, for Small Astronomy Satellite A, being first of the three-spacecraft SAS series. http://ecuip-xtf.lib.uchicago.edu/xtf/view?docId=grxr/uhuruLaunch-72/uhuruLaunch-72.dc.xml Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT